The contingency models are probably the most popular and oldest of the leadership models.

When two conflicting security interests are unperfected, the last to attach has priority.

A bond with a par value of $1,000 trading at 101 ½ sells for a premium.

Retained earnings:

A) Generally consists of a company's cumulative net income less any net losses and dividends declared since its inception.
B) Can only be appropriated by setting aside a cash fund.
C) Represent an amount of cash available to pay shareholders.
D) Are never adjusted for anything other than net income or dividends.
E) Represents the amount shareholders are guaranteed to receive upon company liquidation.

In the context of the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, a target's level of involvement with an issue is not important in determining the most effective route to persuasion.