Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at a bell sound that was paired with a meat stimulus. After the CS-UCS linkage was strongly established, Pavlov then presented the dog with several flashes of a light followed by the bell sound. After a few days, when the light flashes were presented by themselves, the dog salivated. This is an example of __________

A) higher-order conditioning.
B) neoclassical conditioning.
C) generalization.
D) operant conditioning.

After studying biology all afternoon,Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material he memorized that morning.Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates

A) retroactive interference.
B) the misinformation effect.
C) proactive interference.
D) source amnesia.

The followers of Skinner assess behavior, (not personality) using all of the following techniques except

A) free association, dream analysis, and projective techniques.
B) direct observation of behavior.
C) self-report procedures.
D) physiological measurements.

The nations of sub-Saharan Africa have low rates of low-birthweight babies.

The Yerkes-Dodson law addresses ____.

A) how emotions fade over time
B) how self-assessments impact emotional experience
C) how low versus high arousal affects task performance
D) how positive versus negative moods affect judgment

Most people in North America would use a mental version of robin- or sparrow-like creature as their main basis for determining whether something was a "bird" or not.Things that were more like this representation would be more likely to be considered a "bird," and things that were less like this representation would be less likely to be considered a "bird." This best represents which approach to concepts and categorization?

A) exemplar theory
B) prototype theory
C) classical view
D) knowledge-based view