According to social learning theory, people learn their characteristic behavior patterns mainly through the process of

A) habituation.
B) reinforcement.
C) teleology.
D) entropy.

The tumor problem and the story of the general were used in research on ______.

A) working backward
B) reasoning by analogy
C) means-end analysis
D) backtracking

The transition to middle adulthood typically involves______.

A) evaluation of values, goals, and priorities
B) little clarification and adjustment of goals
C) upheaval and dramatic changes
D) a negative outlook if life path cannot be changed

Carla is 3 years old and has a hard time sharing her toys.Part of the problem is that if she wants to play with a toy,she thinks that everyone else also wants her to play with the toy.Carla is demonstrating

A) egocentrism.
B) pretend play.
C) conservation.
D) object permanence.

Following partial recovery from a severe stroke,Mr.Yanagita has learned how to ride a horse.However,he cannot consciously remember that he has learned to do this.It is likely that he has suffered damage to his

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) hippocampus.
D) basal ganglia.

Researchers presented participants with two versions of a moral dilemma. In the trolley dilemma, you can save the life of five people but take the life of one person by flipping a switch. In the footbridge dilemma, you can save the life of five people but take the life of one person by pushing a fat man off a bridge. According to the research, what do most people decide?

A) Because the two dilemmas are logically the same, people make the same choice (kill one and save five) with equal ease in both cases.
B) Although the two dilemmas are logically the same, people have a more difficult time deciding what to do in the footbridge dilemma.
C) Although the two dilemmas are logically the same, people have a more difficult time deciding what to do in the trolley dilemma.
D) Because the two dilemmas are logically the same, people quickly decide in both cases they have no right to interfere in the situation and allow the five people to die.

The technology known as _____ produces a computerized motion picture of chemical activity in the brain.

A) CAT scan
B) MRI
C) PET scan
D) EEG

At a social gathering,Latin Americans may behave in a manner that North Americans consider intrusive and overly expressive. This best illustrates the importance of being sensitive to differing

A) norms.
B) schemas.
C) gender identities.
D) temperaments.

Which of the following statements is true of psychological problems in late adulthood?

A) Older women who lose their social networks are more likely to commit suicide due to depression than older men.
B) Depression in older people cannot usually be treated successfully with the same means that work in younger people.
C) Older women are approximately twice as likely to be affected by anxiety disorders as older men.
D) Anxiety disorders are unlikely to coexist with depression.

Glenn has grown up in the United States, and Jomo grew up in Kenya, a more collectivist culture. Knowing this, which of the following is most likely true about their sense of self-concept?

A) Glenn would describe himself in terms of his relationships with family and friends, whereas Jomo would describe himself in terms of his ancestors.
B) Jomo would emphasize his abilities and future plans, whereas Glenn would describe himself in terms of past accomplishments.
C) Glenn would describe himself in terms of his personality traits, whereas Jomo would describe himself in terms of his family roles and group membership.
D) Jomo would describe himself in spiritual terms, whereas Glenn would describe himself in more materialistic terms.