When it is improbable (but not impossible) for an argument's premises to be true and its conclusions false,the argument has ______.

A) deductive validity
B) deductive strength
C) inductive validity
D) inductive strength

Studying the speeches of U.S. presidents to assess personality is done using __________.

A) archival research
B) experiments
C) meta-analysis
D) projective tests

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements of persuasion?

A) the behavior
B) the source
C) the medium
D) the message

Philippe is a subject in an experiment designed to imitate cheering at an athletic event and is asked to make as much noise as he can by cheering and clapping.In which situation would Philippe likely make the least noise

A)  if he actually is the only person making noise 
B)  if he is from a collectivist culture 
C)  if he is in a group of people all making noise at the same time 
D)  if he believes he is the only person making noise

The high-school student who stayed awake for several days

A) was near death by the time he slept.
B) slept for many days when he finally went to sleep.
C) never fully recover until he had several nights of normal sleep.
D) slept longer than usual when he did go to sleep, but was refreshed upon awakening.

Nine-year-old Jesse is frustrated by his inability to read at the same level as the other children in his class.On the playground,he bullies and teases those who read well in class.According to Alfred Adler,Jesse's behavior is a result of

A) projection.
B) an inferiority complex.
C) repression.
D) the pleasure principle.