Low to moderate levels of drinking decrease the risk for __________; high levels of drinking increase the risk for ___________.​

A) ​automobile crashes . . . automobile crashes.
B) ​Alzheimer's disease . . . Korsakoff syndrome
C) ​bicycle injuries . . . ulcers
D) ​gallstones . . . lung cancer

​In an experimental design that investigates the effects of a low carbohydrate diet on weight loss, diet would be

A) the independent variable.
B) ​the dependent variable.
C) ​an extraneous variable.
D) ​a placebo.

​According to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS, 2016) , what is true about the prevalence of these causes of death for Americans aged 1-44 years?

A) ​Deaths from suicide and homicide combined are fewer than from accidents.
B) ​Deaths from suicide and homicide combined are more than from accidents.
C) ​Deaths from accidental injuries occur to more than one third of this group.
D) ​Deaths from homicide exceed deaths from suicide, but not from accidents.

For a male,a waist-to-hip ratio of more than 0.94 represents a very high-risk category.

Malone has been in the hospital for 2 weeks due to injuries from an automobile crash. Because he is hospitalized, he does not have to work; he receives three healthy meals a day; and most of his normal, everyday decisions are made for him. In such circumstances, Malone will probably

A) enjoy his hospital stay.
B) become addicted to pain medication.
C) experience less stress than usual.
D) experience more stress than usual.

Which nutrient is recommended for all women capable of becoming pregnant?

A) magnesium
B) folic acid
C) fiber
D) sodium

​A study (Wiley et al., 2016) of almost 1,000 older adults found which of the following?

A) ​Those who exercised a lot seemed cognitively 10 years younger than those who did not after five years.
B) ​Those who exercised a lot seemed cognitively five years younger than those who did not after 10 years.
C) ​Those who did not exercise lost about 10 years cognitively; those who exercised a lot did not lose years.
D) ​Those who did not exercise lost about five years cognitively; those who exercised a lot did not lose years.

​Prospective epidemiological studies are also

A) ​cross-sectional.
B) ​longitudinal.
C) ​experimental.
D) ​clinical trials.

​What is the relationship between the experience of pain and some types of psychopathology?

A) ​People with personality disorders have heightened pain perception.
B) ​People with pain-prone personalities tend to have borderline personality disorder.
C) ​People with pain-resistant personalities tend to have bipolar disorder.
D) ​It is unclear whether psychopathology leads to chronic pain, or vice versa.

If you wish to lower your risk for cardiovascular disease, the BEST course of action would be to​

A) ​ignore inherent risks because you can't change them anyway.
B) ​concentrate mostly on inherent risks, because you may be able to change them if you expend sufficient effort.
C) ​stop drinking alcohol completely only.
D) ​monitor your blood pressure and take measures to lower it if it is at or above the prehypertension level.