Cholecystokinin and the glossopharyngeal nerve stimulate the release of bile into the small intestine.

Branched muscle fibers and intercalated discs are characteristic of ________ muscle tissue.

A) smooth
B) voluntary
C) cardiac
D) multinucleated
E) skeletal

An insect circulatory system is best described as

A) totally closed like ours, with arteries and veins.
B) similar to ours, with general closed vessels but no distinct arteries and veins.
C) an open system that mostly washes hemolymph "blood" through the hemocoel.
D) totally absent; each body cell manages on its own to gain food and gets rid of wastes.
E) containing five pairs of "hearts."

X-ray diffraction studies are used to determine the

A) sequence of amino acids in protein molecules.
B) sequence of nucleotides in nucleic acid molecules.
C) distances between atoms of molecules.
D) identity of an unknown chemical.
E) wavelength of X-rays.

Four of the five molecules listed below take part in the light-independent reactions. Select the exception.

A) water
B) carbon dioxide
C) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)
D) PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde)
E) PGA (phosphoglycerate)

It is possible that the middle ear fully separated from the lower jaw at least twice within the mammalian lineage. Evidence of this convergent evolution comes from

A) a new fossil of a monotreme-like mammal with the bones of its middle ear still connected to its lower jaw.
B) a new fossil of a therian-like mammal with the bones of its middle ear still connected to its lower jaw.
C) a new fossil of a monotreme-like mammal with the bones of its middle ear fully separated from its lower jaw.
D) There is no evidence; the mammalian middle ear could only have evolved once.