Top down plans are often overly aggressive and unrealistic calling for performance the company cannot achieve. Bottom up planning, on the other hand, tends to produce plans that don't call out the best the organization can do. Where do these tendencies come from, and why do they exist. Describe an ideal planning process in terms of top down and bottom up.
A top down plan forces top management's goals on the organization, often when they're not realistic. Top managers do this because their personal success rides on the performance of the organization. They therefore tend to create plans that are beyond what's achievable in a quest for that personal success. A bottom-up plan is built up from statements of capabilities and needs made by middle and lower level managers. It tends to understate what the organization can be stretched to accomplish. Middle managers tend to under forecast because they know they'll be evaluated and compensated based on their performance against the plan. Under forecasting tends to set a low target that's easily achieved. A good plan is a combination of top down and bottom up planning. It's created in a give and take process through which an acceptable middle ground is reached.
JC
Answered
Jasper Company is a wholesaler that buys merchandise in large quantities.Its supplier's catalog indicates a list price of $500 per unit on merchandise Jasper intends to purchase,and offers a 30% trade discount for large quantity purchases.The cost of shipping for the merchandise is $7 per unit.Jasper's total purchase price per unit will be:
A principle of internal control is to use a 3-way match when ordering,receiving,and paying for inventory. Three-way match improves internal control by cross checking amounts across three different documents. Three-way match compares: 1. What was ordered? 2. What was received?
3. What was billed? Basically,we want to compare what we ordered with what we received,and what we were billed. These three amounts should agree so that we are not paying for more than what we ordered or received.
JC
Answered
Given the following:? Beginning capital $58,000 Ending capital 30,000 Owner withdrawal 25,000? Calculate net income or net loss.
Ending capital $30,000 Beginning capital 58,000 Decrease in capital $28,000 Less withdrawals 25,000 Net loss $3,000\begin{array}{|l|r|}\hline \text { Ending capital } & \$ 30,000 \\\hline \text { Beginning capital } & 58,000 \\\hline \text { Decrease in capital } & \$ 28,000 \\\hline \text { Less withdrawals } & 25,000 \\\hline \text { Net loss } & \$ 3,000 \\\hline\end{array} Ending capital Beginning capital Decrease in capital Less withdrawals Net loss $30,00058,000$28,00025,000$3,000
Answers will vary. A formal report is carefully structured; it is logically organized and objective, contains much detail, and is written in a style that tends to eliminate such elements as personal pronouns. An informal report is usually a short message written in natural or personal language. An internal memo generally can be described as an informal report.
JC
Answered
Which of the Big Five dimensions of personality are the most consistent predictors of leadership effectiveness?
A) Extraversion and agreeableness B) Extraversion and conscientiousness C) Agreeableness and conscientiousness D) Emotional stability and conscientiousness E) Emotional stability and extraversion
A) Telephone, E-mail B) E-mail, video conference C) Inventory control printout, personal letter D) Video conference, face-to-face meeting E) Newsletter, e-mail
Highfill Corporation's variable overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor-hours. The standard cost card for product D80D specifies 8.4 direct labor-hours per unit of D80D. The standard variable overhead rate is $5.60 per direct labor-hour. During the most recent month, 800 units of product D80D were made and 6,800 direct labor-hours were worked.The actual variable overhead incurred was $41,140.Required:a. What was the variable overhead rate variance for the month?b. What was the variable overhead efficiency variance for the month?