A

True

C

Truealk with the principal or school counselor/social worker to get advice on how best to approach the situation.Ask the school counselor to observe T.J.and talk with him privately.Ask for a conference with T.J.'s mother and stepfather as well as his father,but schedule these on different days.Have the counselor join the conference with parents and share his or her observations/recommendations for helping T.J.Research different types of parenting plans that can be used to help children and have this ready to share with T.J.'s family.Create a parent journal or notebook to help record and share information about T.J.'s well-being in school with both sides of the family.Provide names of family counselors and other community resources that help families deal with divorce and remarriage/blended-family experiences.Keep lines of communication open by staying neutral about ongoing family conflict.Help keep the family's focus on helping T.J.

A

A

The statement "Deviance may vary with time and place" means that what is considered deviant behavior is not fixed or absolute but can change depending on the cultural, social, historical, and geographical context. Deviance refers to actions or behaviors that violate the norms, values, or expectations of a group or society. Because these norms and values are not universal and can evolve, what is deemed deviant in one society or time period may be seen as normal or acceptable in another.

Several factors contribute to the variability of deviance:

1. Cultural Differences: Different cultures have different norms and values, which means that an act considered deviant in one culture might be perfectly acceptable in another. For example, certain forms of dress or personal expression might be frowned upon in one society but celebrated in another.

2. Social Change: Over time, societies change, and with them, their norms and values. Behaviors that were once seen as deviant can become normalized, and vice versa. For instance, attitudes towards same-sex relationships have changed significantly in many parts of the world over the past few decades.

3. Historical Context: The historical period also plays a role in defining deviance. For example, the prohibition era in the United States made the production and sale of alcohol deviant, whereas it is legal and widely accepted today.

4. Legal Definitions: Laws are often a reflection of what a society considers deviant, but these laws can change. What is illegal (and thus deviant) at one point in time may be decriminalized later, such as the use of cannabis in some jurisdictions.

5. Subcultures: Within a larger society, different subcultures may have their own set of norms and values that differ from the mainstream. A behavior that is deviant according to the broader society's standards may not be seen as such within a subculture.

6. Situational Context: The context or setting of a behavior can also influence whether it is seen as deviant. For example, drinking alcohol might be acceptable at a social event but not while at work or while driving.

In summary, the statement "Deviance may vary with time and place" acknowledges the fluid and socially constructed nature of deviance. It highlights the importance of considering the specific cultural, temporal, and situational factors that contribute to the perception and definition of deviant behavior.

C

Frank Parsons is credited with beginning the field of career counseling when he published his book, Choosing a Vocation.In it, he advocated for understanding oneself, understanding different work requirements, and identifying how these two domains relate.During Parson's lifetime, his work was viewed as a way to reduce juvenile delinquency.He argued for a scientific approach to choosing one's life work.Success during the early 20th century was determined by whether a person stayed in their chosen job.Since that time, however, the world of work has changed, with people typically moving to different jobs over the course of their lives.From the 1920s to the 1940s and beyond, career counseling became visible on college campuses.Counselors assisted returning veterans from both World Wars I and II.In the 1950s, Donald Super advocated for changing the way people conceptualize career counseling from helping people decided on a one-time job to helping them build a career across the life span.During the Cold War in the 1950s, the U.S.government wanted more students to choose careers that would help the United States compete against the Soviet Union in science and technology.The National Defense Education Act funded school guidance programs to help counselors provide career services.More recently, there has been a focus on counselors helping people to attend to psychological aspects of career decision-making.Several authors have argued that the distinction between personal and career counseling minimizes the emotional aspects of making life decisions about one's career.Finally, the field has prioritized meeting the needs of diverse clients entering the workforce and reshaping career counseling, so it is more inclusive.

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