The women who tend to be optimistic about their cognitive competencies are ones with ______.

A) younger age identities
B) older age identities
C) greater physical strength
D) more outgoing personalities

The amygdala registers emotions.

Peter goes from bright sunlight into a dimly lit theater. At first, he can see little or nothing as he looks for a seat. Over a ten-minute period, he is gradually able to see things directly in front of him more clearly. His ability to see things off to the side steadily improves for another twenty minutes. This process is called ________.

A) dark adaptation
B) dark compensation
C) light compensation
D) light adaptation

It is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food.This best illustrates the importance of ________ in learning.

A) predictability
B) generalization
C) biological constraints
D) mirror neurons

The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of

A) closure.
B) proximity.
C) interposition.
D) perceptual constancy.

A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit. At first, the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak. After a while, it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb. Eventually, the bird flies up to the piece of fruit, even though that prevents it from getting the fruit. According to the Brelands' analysis of biological constraints, the bird is demonstrating __________

A) response generalization.
B) that it was reverting to behavior that was instinctual for it.
C) the power of negative reinforcement.
D) the law of effect.

The therapist most widely known for the development of rational-emotive therapy is ________, while cognitive-behavioral therapy is attributed to _______.

A) Beck; Ellis
B) Lazarus; Rogers
C) Ellis; Beck
D) Rogers; Beck

The fact that variations in a child's vocabulary size correlate with the amount of language that child has heard underlies the _____ theory of language learning.