Volcanic mudflows can be detected remotely by monitoring:

A) characteristic rumbling produced as they rush down valleys
B) rapid changes in groundwater chemistry and volcanic gas conten
C) dropping of the ground surface as mudflows are erupted from beneath the volcano

What would you expect as the result of "the founder effect"? 

A)  A few individuals would find more mates than other individuals, and thus have a greater effect on the gene pool. 
B)  A few individuals would start a new gene pool in a situation that is isolated from the main population. 
C)  A given number of individuals would be successful at finding food; beyond this core group, any additional individuals would starve. 
D)  A given number of individuals would be successful at finding shelter; beyond this core group, any additional individuals would die through exposure or predation.

Natural chemicals are safe,and synthetic materials are harmful.

Which statement is NOT true in terms of floods in cities? 

A)  Cities tend to flood more than towns, partly because cities may have expanded onto flood plains or may have been built along shorelines of oceans and large lakes. 
B)  Cities are extra vulnerable to flooding because so much of the area is paved or covered in buildings that runoff from heavy rains can overwhelm the drainage systems. 
C)  The wetlands near cities have often been filled and developed so they cannot act as "natural sponges" to absorb a potential flood as it develops. 
D)  Cities actually flood less than towns, but the damage is more expensive in a city, and floods in cities create greater headlines.

The two elements most abundant in the earth's crust are:

A) helium and hydrogen
B) iron and magnesium
C) sodium and potassium
D) silicon and oxygen
E) iron and nickel

What is the largest forest region in Canada? 

A)  the boreal forest 
B)  the subalpine forest 
C)  the aspen parkland 
D)  the taiga forest