Local optimization is a supply-chain complication best described as

A) optimizing one's local area without full knowledge of organizational needs.
B) obtaining very high production efficiency in a decentralized supply chain.
C) the prerequisite of global optimization.
D) the result of supply chains built on suppliers with compatible corporate cultures.
E) the opposite of the bullwhip effect.

In October 2008,in attempt to avoid high inflationary tendencies which could damage the recovery from the Great Recession the Federal Reserve

A) started paying interest to the banks on reserves held in the Federal Reserve Banks.
B) increased the reserve requirements on all banks.
C) sold a large quantity of government securities on the open market.
D) increased the interest rates charged to the banks when borrowing from the FED.