______ refers to identifying the decision and testing the validity of that decision.

A) Assessment
B) Action
C) Analysis
D) Application

If the variance of orders of a manufacturer equals 800, and the variance of orders of its supplier equals 750, what is happening at this part of the supply chain?

A) The bullwhip effect is present.
B) The supplier is providing a dampening (anti-bullwhip) effect.
C) The bullwhip measure for the supplier equals 1.067
D) Neither amplification nor smoothing is present.
E) Both amplification and smoothing are present.