In response to the depression, many prominent business leaders ______________________.

A) advocated using Mussolini's reforms in Italy as the model for establishing a corporatist society
B) believed that economic downturns were a beneficial and natural part of the business cycle and simply should be allowed to run their course
C) advised President Hoover to rigidly enforce antitrust laws in order to restore competition
D) actively campaigned for the implementation of a federal jobs program

The Babylonian Captivity refers to a time when the popes lived in

A) Avignon.
B) Florence.
C) Paris.
D) Flanders.
E) Milan.

Bowers v. Hardwick

A) upheld the constitutionality of state laws outlawing homosexual acts.
B) took the United States off the gold standard.
C) ruled affirmative action was constitutional in university decisions regarding enrollment.
D) stated that a criminal had the right to a state-appointed lawyer.
E) upheld the practices of racial housing segregation.

Europeans who settled in the Spanish colonies in the 16^th century

A) often had to bribe women from Spain to settle in the colonies because they could not marry the native Indians.
B) found it difficult to raise any animals in the Caribbean due to the climate and the natural predators.
C) often had to learn to eat unfamiliar Indian crops to survive.
D) had complete immunity from all native diseases.

The Emancipation Proclamation represented a turning point in Lincoln's own thinking.

The Dutch settled New Netherland

A) on the gulf coast of what later became Florida.
B) along the St. Lawrence River in Quebec.
C) along the Hudson River, which later became New York State.
D) on the Pacific coast of what later became California.
E) on the island later known as Newfoundland.

Which of the following was the most effective means by which reform associations of the 1830s and 1840s spread their message?

A) Rallies in major northern cities
B) Gatherings in the private homes of urban residents
C) Itinerant preachers
D) Mass production and distribution of newspapers and pamphlets

The Virginia Company accomplished its goals for the shareholders and for its settlers.

What accounts for the rapid dissemination of news during the 18th century?

What part of the Compromise of 1850 increased sectional controversy and conflict during the 1850s?

A) The admission of California as a free state
B) The settlement of the Texas boundary question
C) The ending of the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
D) The Fugitive Slave Act