What did Tonry (2011) identify as a major precipitator of the severity of modern criminal justice policies and the unfair burdens they place on Black Americans?

A) Jim Crow Laws
B) Southern Policy Laws
C) Southern Strategy
D) Black Laws

In 2006,the Mollen Commission drew attention to the lack of oversight and public monitoring of the prison systems.

The most pressing problem in corrections today is ______.

A) the rise of the restorative justice model
B) rapid decline in correctional populations
C) prison population explosions
D) the failure of drug treatment programs