Key terms and concepts that may be included in student responses:
▪ Social learning theories-Children and adolescents may learn substance-use behaviors by modeling the behavior of their parents and important people in their culture.
▪ Cognitive theories have focused on people's expectations of alcohol's effects and their beliefs about the appropriateness of using it to cope with stress.People who expect alcohol to reduce their stress and who do not have more adaptive means of coping are more likely than others to drink alcohol when they are upset and to have social problems related to drinking.
▪ One personality characteristic consistently related to an increased risk of substance use disorders is behavioral under-control.