The authors of Chapter 17 ("Applying Social Psychology to the Good Life") emphasize which two concepts,in particular,as central to understanding the roles of optimism and pessimism in people's lives?

A) goal-related thinking and self-fulfilling prophecy
B) outcome expectancies and self-fulfilling prophecy
C) outcome expectancies and goal-directed thinking
D) goal-directed thinking and goal-directed behavior

The authors of Chapter 17 emphasize "outcome expectancies" and "self-fulfilling prophecy" as central concepts for understanding the roles of optimism and pessimism in people's lives. Outcome expectancies relate to what people believe will happen in the future, which can be influenced by their optimistic or pessimistic tendencies. Self-fulfilling prophecy refers to the phenomenon where believing something can make it more likely to happen, which ties into how optimism or pessimism can shape one's experiences and outcomes.