All of the following are factors that contribute most heavily to the prevalence of female genital mutilation EXCEPT

A) a cultural belief that genital mutilation makes women more desirable.
B) a high social value of virginity and marriageability.
C) social and psychological benefits of belonging.
D) a need to counter the practice of male circumcision.

Female Genital Mutilation

The practice of partially or totally removing the external genitalia of girls and young women for non-medical reasons.

Cultural Belief

The shared attitudes, values, norms, and practices that characterize a group of people or a society.

Male Circumcision

The surgical removal of the foreskin from the male genitalia, often for religious, cultural, or medical reasons.