Genetic equilibrium requires ____.

A) random mating
B) genetic drift
C) mutation
D) natural selection
E) gene flow

Genetic equilibrium occurs when allele frequencies in a population remain constant over generations. Random mating is necessary for genetic equilibrium because it ensures that all individuals have an equal chance of mating with any other individual in the population, thereby preventing any one genotype from becoming more frequent over time. Genetic drift, mutation, natural selection, and gene flow can all disrupt genetic equilibrium.