When a fracture cuts across several rock layers, we can interpret that:

A) the fracture is younger than the layers it crosscuts
B) the fracture is older than the layers it crosscuts
C) the layers of rock are younger than the fracture.
D) the fracture formed at some time prior to the rock layers

Which of the following is typically erupted from a volcano?

A) Scalding hot ash, lava, and gases
B) Ice and snow, combined with steam
C) Large quantities of liquid water

What is NOT characteristic of second-growth forest? 

A)  It may develop after a farming area has been abandoned. 
B)  It may develop after fire. 
C)  It may develop as a tree plantation after clear-cutting. 
D)  It may develop as a regenerated forest after hundreds of years of no disturbance.

Which of the following does NOT affect the potential hazards of a shoreline?

A) elevation of the land surface near the shore
B) the distribution of hard and soft rocks
C) width of a beach
D) the presence of offshore islands and sand bars
E) all of these affect potential hazards of shorelines

The feature formed when a river dumps its sediment near its mouth is called a:

A) delta
B) meander
C) point bar
D) oxbow lake

Which crops were specially bred for tropical and subtropical climates,and were the outcome of genetic research conducted during the green revolution? 

A)  dwarf varieties of corn and potatoes 
B)  dwarf varieties of sugarcane and pineapples 
C)  dwarf varieties of rice and wheat 
D)  dwarf varieties of bananas and coconuts