The term ______ refers to the tendency to help others who are in need even when there is not likely to be a reward for helping.

A) bystander mitigation
B) altruism
C) empathy
D) sympathetic collusion

Tina and Steph are both trying to decide whether to try a new diet.Tina reads that 30 percent of people lose significant amounts of weight on the diet,whereas Steph reads that 70 percent of people fail to lose significant amounts of weight.What differs between these two pieces of information

A)  framing
B)  conjunction 
C)  base rates
D)  algorithms

Which of the following statements is true of the demonological model that explains the origins of psychological disorders?

A) Health professionals viewed psychological disorders as diseases of the mind that had no cure.
B) Health professionals viewed psychological disorders in terms of a combination of biological vulnerabilities, psychological factors, and sociocultural factors.
C) People assumed that the behaviors associated with psychological disorders were caused by possession by the devil.
D) People assumed that illnesses had physical or biological causes, which could be identified and cured through therapies.

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store,you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle.This best illustrates problem solving by means of

A) the availability heuristic.
B) belief perseverance.
C) an algorithm.
D) framing.

Certain devices, like the child's View-Master toy, make photographs look like three-dimensional images. How are they able to do this?

A) by presenting slightly different images to each eye
B) by presenting slightly different images, one right after the other
C) by slowly moving the photograph toward the viewer
D) by quickly moving the photograph toward the viewer

Which of the following processes explain phobias in terms of negative reinforcement of avoidant behavior?

A) Observational learning
B) Operant conditioning
C) Social-cognitive learning
D) Social learning