The Pentagon Papers were released as a result of

A) President Nixon's repudiation of the Johnson administration's strategy in Vietnam.
B) investigations led by Washington Post reporters in 1972.
C) a leak by a minor Defense Department staffer.
D) a Freedom of Information Act request by the American Civil Liberties Union.

Political leaders may prefer communicating through social media because

A) the traditional media almost never educate or persuade members of the public.
B) federal law limits what they may say to journalists from the mainstream press but not what they may say on social media sites.
C) they can directly transmit unedited messages to their followers without having the content altered by the mainstream press.
D) social media are free,whereas the mainstream press often charge monetary fees for broadcasting messages.

The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 was significant because it

A) ended the "spoils system."
B) was the first major revamping of the federal civil service since its creation in 1883.
C) reinstated the "spoils system."
D) cut the federal workforce by 20 percent.

Which of the following statements best characterizes media ownership in the United States?

A) Most of the country's television networks,movie studios,record companies,cable channels,book publishers,magazines,newspapers,and digital media sites are owned and operated by the federal government.
B) Most of the country's television networks,movie studios,record companies,cable channels,book publishers,magazines,newspapers,and digital media sites are owned and operated by state governments.
C) A small number of giant,privately owned corporations control most of the country's television networks,movie studios,record companies,cable channels,book publishers,magazines,newspapers,and digital media sites.
D) A large number of small,privately owned corporations control most of the country's television networks,movie studios,record companies,cable channels,book publishers,magazines,newspapers,and digital media sites.

A policy of deterrence may fail against terrorist groups because

A) history has shown that only democratic nation-states respond well to deterrence.
B) deterrence has been made illegal under international law.
C) terrorist groups are nonstate actors who may believe that their lack of a fixed geographic location prevents their targets from retaliating militarily.
D) terrorist groups do not yet have access to nuclear weapons.

The text suggests that news is

A) everything that happens on a particular day.
B) what the media decide is worthy of coverage.
C) what fits the liberal or conservative biases of reporters.
D) what the U.S.Information Agency defines as important.