The ______ problem is a classic problem-solving experiment in which participants must use working backward in order to find the most efficient problem-solving strategy.

A) Towers of Hanoi
B) General in the Jungle
C) Physics Rotation
D) Tumor Intervention

A prolonged and severe stress reaction to a traumatic event that is characterized by anxiety, withdrawal from others, and nightmares or flashbacks of the event is called __________

A) posttraumatic stress disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) burnout and exhaustion.
D) catastrophic stress syndrome.

If we assume the modern view of existential import, why is the syllogism III-2 invalid?

A) undistributed middle
B) illicit major or minor term
C) two negative premises
D) negative premise with affirmative conclusion, or negative conclusion with no negative premise
E) universal premises with particular conclusion

In which of the following cases would an observational study be preferable to a traditional experiment?

A) A researcher wants to know whether a new drug works better than a standard treatment.
B) A researcher is curious whether strawberry or chocolate ice cream tends to improve mood more.
C) A researcher wants to know whether men are more likely than women to run red lights.
D) Observational studies are preferable to experiments in all of the above cases.

By selective breeding,researchers can produce bold or shy birds.This best illustrates that some personality differences among birds are

A) described by the Big Five.
B) empirically derived.
C) genetically influenced.
D) situational.

In the context of psychotherapy, which of the following statements is true?

A) Psychodynamic therapies are based on the thinking of Carl Rogers.
B) Psychotherapies influence clients' thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
C) Psychotherapies are limited to dealing with clients who have severe mental disorders.
D) Behavior therapists tend to focus exclusively on what people think and feel.