Tony is a 10-year-old boy who prefers to play stereotypical "girl" games such as "house" and "dolls." Tony does not enjoy playing with boys or playing games such as trucks and guns. Tony's parents became concerned that something was wrong with their son and they brought him in for an evaluation. Tony reported that he does prefer girls as playmates and that he likes "girls' games" better as well. He knows that he is a boy, and he has no urge to wear dresses. Tony would likely be diagnosed with

A) nothing, since his behaviour does not meet the criteria for a disorder.
B) oppositional defiant disorder.
C) gender role confusion.
D) gender dysphoria.
E) gender identity disorder.

Which of the following is generally true of phobias?

A) phobias are arbitrary
B) phobias are not resistant to extinction
C) phobias are generally reactions to naturally occurring objects
D) phobias require repeated exposure to develop

Cultural competency in substance abuse treatment involves the need to focus attention on the client's ethnic,racial,and cultural history as part of a good assessment.

In order for a toddler to be able to experience self-conscious emotions, they must be able to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) observe himself and others
B) be aware of standards and rules
C) be able to compare his behavior with the standard
D) engage with a social smile

Which depressed person would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder, because of the specific circumstances present?

A) Someone whose mother was depressed
B) Someone whose community was recently destroyed by a hurricane
C) Someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance
D) Someone who also had an alcohol use disorder

In which type of conditioning is an association formed between one stimulus and another?

A) operant conditioning
B) clinical conditioning
C) observational conditioning
D) classical conditioning