Dermody Snow Removal's cost formula for its vehicle operating cost is $3,010 per month plus $331 per snow-day. For the month of December, the company planned for activity of 13 snow-days, but the actual level of activity was 15 snow-days. The actual vehicle operating cost for the month was $7,585. The spending variance for vehicle operating cost in December would be closest to:

A) $272 U
B) $272 F
C) $390 F
D) $390 U

Entrepreneurs generally begin with a vision.

The board of directors usually includes some individuals who are not employed by the corporation.These people are referred to as _____.

A) priority directors
B) outside directors
C) stockholders
D) members of top management

Large minimum efficient scale of plant combined with limited market demand may lead to

A) natural monopoly.
B) patent monopoly.
C) government franchise monopoly.
D) shared monopoly.

The operational approach, by definition, is oriented toward what type of management?

A) Personnel
B) Production
C) Accounting
D) Finance
E) Marketing

A material gain or loss from debt refunding should be

A) recognized over the remaining life of the old issue as ordinary income or loss
B) recognized in the current period as extraordinary income or loss
C) recognized over the life of the new bond issue as extraordinary income or loss
D) recognized in the current period as ordinary income or loss