Which of the following is a limitation of the transformational perspective of leadership?

A) It focuses too much on how leaders improve organizational efficiency.
B) It is typically presented as a universal rather than contingency perspective.
C) Researchers tend to define transformational leaders in terms of their success, rather than by whether they engage in specific behaviors.
D) All of the above.
E) Both 'B' and 'C' are limitations of the transformational perspective.

EBITDA removes a significant fixed and noncash cost from the operating income number and may approximate the contribution margin.

Which of the following refers to the extent to which the compensation of any individual in an organization is formally made available to other individuals?

A) Wage and salary administration
B) Pay secrecy
C) Pay inversion
D) Pay compression

Which of the following is true of using gestures as a type of nonverbal communication?

A) Gestures are not linked to speaking.
B) Gestures may help determine the emotional state of a person.
C) A particular gesture can only be interpreted in one way.
D) Gestures are the most important features of body language.
E) In general, the louder someone speaks, the less emphatic the gestures used.