Which of the following best expresses the prevailing thought in 1929 concerning economic depressions?

A) Massive government aid to business is the best way to overcome a depression.
B) Economic downturns are natural and simply must be allowed to run their course.
C) The proper course during a depression is to lower tariff levels and raise taxes.
D) The key to overcoming a depression is to raise interest rates.

The southern Black Codes

A) allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.
B) allowed former slaves to testify in court against whites and to serve on juries.
C) were some of the first laws adopted as part of Radical Reconstruction in 1867.
D) were denounced by President Johnson and declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
E) pleased northerners because they saw that the rule of law was returning to the South.

The 1790 Naturalization Act established a policy of "open immigration" and naturalization for

A) all people of the world.
B) white Europeans.
C) Asians.
D) Africans.
E) Indians.

During the French and Indian War, how did the Quakers uphold their principles?

A) They asked for a holiday to honor William Penn.
B) They declared war due to aggressive French incursions into Pennsylvania.
C) They urged that all Native Americans be removed from Pennsylvania.
D) They praised the middle ground because it brought wealth to Pennsylvanians.
E) They refused to endorse the war and resigned their colonial assembly seats.

Which statement is true about the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?

A) They were an attempt by Republicans to silence their critics.
B) The Alien Act empowered federal authorities to deport immigrants they deemed "dangerous."
C) The Sedition Act eliminated trials by jury for all those charged with criticizing the government.
D) Widespread opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts was a significant obstacle on Thomas Jefferson's road to victory in the 1800 election.
E) The Sedition Act targeted mainly Federalist-friendly publications.

Approximately how many Confederates relocated out of the country after the defeat of the South?

A) 10,000
B) 30,000
C) 50,000
D) 80,000

Charlotte Perkins Gilman claimed that the road to woman's freedom lay in

A) higher education.
B) holding political office.
C) the workplace.
D) access to birth control.
E) being a wife and mother.

The Independence movement in the American colonies began as early as 1763 and was

A) conceived by the elitist colonists who supported Enlightenment thought.
B) begun by ordinary men and women who believed in the concept of representation.
C) discouraged by preachers who did not embrace independent thought.
D) supported by a variety of people who in their own way demanded American liberty.

Eugenics aimed to

A) "improve" the quality of the population.
B) justify gender equality.
C) provide a scientific basis to promote open immigration.
D) explain the importance of studying the human anatomy.
E) cure genetic diseases.

Richard Nixon won the Republican nomination for the 1968 election. Which of the following groups found his campaign appealing?

A) black constituents hoping for equality
B) ordinary Americans searching for a commitment for law and order
C) liberals searching for free-market policies
D) young professionals just starting to get involved in politics
E) women searching for liberation