Let us say that we want to study violence in young children. We go to a pre-school setting where we set up a large, soft plastic doll and arrange for an adult to punch it. Later, we observe how often individual children hit the doll. The measure of hitting the doll is:

A) a direct test of violence in children.
B) unacceptable under ethical guidelines.
C) bad luck for the doll.
D) an experimental analogue of aggression.

In cognitive-dissonance theory, _________ is the tendency of people to seek explanations for their own behavior in such a way that unpleasant undertakings seem worth it.

A) situational attribution
B) attitude-discrepant behavior
C) selective exposure
D) effort justification

Renny knew the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one.This illustrates the importance of the distance cue known as

A) relative size.
B) interposition.
C) proximity.
D) relative height.

Compared to heterosexual relationships,the ingredients for long-term satisfaction in homosexual relationships are

A) very similar.
B) somewhat different.
C) very different.
D) None of these