The Concordat signed by Napoleon in 1801 was

A) an agreement between Napoleon and the pope regulating the role of the Catholic Church and making it,in essence,an administrative department of the French state.
B) an agreement between the First Counsel (Napoleon) and the two other members of the Consulate regulating their respective roles.
C) an agreement between the new Consulate and the old Directory for the smooth transition of power.
D) an agreement between France and its enemies,ending (at least temporarily) the war.
E) an agreement between Napoleon and the pope regulating the role of the Catholic Church and making it as powerful under the new regime as it was before the revolution.

Émile Durkheim attributed the rise in crime and other modern problems to

A) the high consumption of alcohol.
B) the use of drugs.
C) increased poverty.
D) the women's movement.
E) urbanization and the decrease of religious practices.