According to Erik Erikson, parents can encourage a sense of initiative in their children by

A) hugging and kissing their children.
B) performing tasks for their children, so that children will not be disappointed if they fail.
C) using physical punishment.
D) encouraging attempts to explore and learn.

A significant change in the type of care offered now compared to the era when Freud was practicing is that:

A) fewer patients are suffering from anxiety and depression.
B) fewer patients receive outpatient treatment.
C) people are more likely to receive treatment for problems in living.
D) there are fewer specialized programs focused on treating only one type of problem.

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question, but not being quite able to say it. This is known as the "tip-of the-tongue" phenomenon and is a failure of __________.

A) retention
B) storage
C) retrieval
D) trace consolidation

Babies with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are often larger than normal, and so are their brains.

Morgan, a 9-year-old girl, is very close to her grandfather. Her mother and father divorced when she was 3 years old. Morgan and her grandfather spend a lot of time together cooking and talking. What benefits will Morgan experience because of her relationship with her grandfather?

A) positive adjustment and fewer problem behaviors in adolescence
B) greater educational attainment
C) involvement in extracurricular activities in high school
D) more positive peer relationships

A researcher wishing to study the effects of attachment style in infancy on friendship formation in kindergarten MUST use a longitudinal research design.

The correlational method of research compares

A) the relationship between multiple variables.
B) the relationship between children, adolescents and adults.
C) the relationship between several cultures and ethnic populations.
D) the relationship between two variables.