Which of the following are benefits of sequencing the human genome?

A) Knowing the exact sequence of DNA in an individual could allow pharmaceutical companies to design drugs for their exact genotype.
B) Determining individuals who have a predisposing factor that could lead to future illness could allow for earlier treatment.
C) Sequencing technology will allow the genomes of other species to be more readily sequenced.
D) All of the answer choices describe benefits associated with sequencing the human genome.

The bright red color of red muscle fibers comes from the presence of ____, exemplifying their role in producing ATP mainly by aerobic respiration.

A) blood
B) hemoglobin
C) carbon dioxide
D) sarcomeres
E) myoglobin

Smooth muscle is regulated by all of the following except

A) the autonomic nervous system.
B) neurotransmitters.
C) the somatic nervous system.
D) hormones.
E) prostaglandins.

The difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable is that the dependent variable

A) can be changed.
B) is derived from the experimental results.
C) is determined before the experiment is conducted.
D) is equivalent to the hypothesis.
E) is equivalent to the observations.

In a prokaryotic operon, the region to which RNA polymerase binds is called ____.

A) heterogeneous nuclear DNA
B) a repressor gene
C) a promoter sequence
D) an operator sequence
E) an enhancer gene

In Alaska, the longest day of summer is over 20 hours. Predict how this would affect melatonin secretion.

A) Melatonin secretion would decrease due to the extended length of time an individual is exposed to sunlight.
B) Melatonin secretion would increase due to the extended length of time an individual is exposed to sunlight.

Enzymes that alter another protein or enzyme's activity by attaching a phosphate group are called:

A) kinases
B) phosphatases
C) phosphators
D) transcription factors
E) coenzymes

Explain the difference between an absolute and a relative refractory period.