According to the CDC (2009) , what proportion of American adults live with chronic illness?​

A) ​Three quarters
B) ​Almost a third
C) ​Nearly one half
D) ​Over two thirds

Patient A was raised to view medical treatments as most effective; Patient B was raised to believe in faith healing and avoid medical treatments. If both patients are given a placebo, what is most likely?

A) The strength of their respective placebo responses should not be affected by the differences in what they believe.
B) Each will have a stronger response to a placebo that seems most similar to their respective preferred treatments.
C) Each will have a stronger response to a placebo that seems most different from the treatments that each one prefers.
D) Each will have a stronger response to a placebo that seems most different from the treatments that each one prefers

​A direct, consistent relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable

A) ​is an example of the placebo effect.
B) ​is an example of the nocebo effect.
C) ​defines dose-response relationship.
D) ​indicates a transverse relationship.

​The cause of a disease or condition is most readily suggested by

A) ​case control studies.
B) ​experimental designs.
C) ​correlational studies.
D) ​a single-participant design.

Barrett is 14 years old and has smoked about 200 cigarettes in her lifetime. Barrett should know that​

A) ​quitting will be quite easy because she is not yet a regular smoker.
B) ​she can smoke for another four or five years and then quit.
C) ​quitting later will be impossible without formal therapy.
D) ​quitting right now will be quite difficult for her.

Which of these conditions is positively related to light and moderate alcohol consumption?

A) Increased depression
B) Decreased bone density
C) Decreased heart disease
D) Decreased general health

The combination of physiological dependence and withdrawal symptoms is usually referred to as​

A) ​tolerance.
B) ​addiction.
C) ​psychological addiction.
D) ​psychological dependence.

​The substantia gelatinosa is

A) ​in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord.
B) ​in the midbrain region, adjacent to the thalamus.
C) ​composed of a gelatin-like material that surrounds the lower portion of the brain.
D) ​a hypothetical structure that has not yet been confirmed.

______ carry oxygenated blood from the heart to various parts of the body, whereas ______ moves deoxygenated blood toward the heart.​

A) ​Veins; arteries
B) ​Arteries; capillaries
C) ​Arteries; veins
D) ​Veins; arterioles

What have researchers found about interventions for increasing adherence to asthma care?​

A) ​Educational interventions are more effective than behavioral ones.
B) ​Educational and behavioral interventions are comparably effective.
C) ​Educational components make behavioral interventions work best.
D) ​Educational interventions can work if they are relevant for patients.