Dina, the human resource manager at K-Pack Inc., wants to use subordinates as sources of performance appraisal information. Which statement best supports that idea?

A) Subordinates often have reliable information about a manager's behavior toward employees.
B) Subordinates are often willing to say negative things about the person to whom they report.
C) When feedback forms need subordinates' names on them, the subordinates tend to give lower ratings to the manager.
D) When managers receive ratings from their subordinates, the employees have less power.
E) Subordinate evaluations are most appropriate for strategic purposes.

Which of the following, if true, would most effectively undermine the argument that raising cigarette taxes reduces the number of people who smoke cigarettes?

A) The demand for cigarettes is relatively inelastic.
B) The demand for cigarettes is relatively elastic.
C) The supply for cigarettes is relatively inelastic.
D) The supply for cigarettes is relatively elastic.