1.Materials price variance = Actual quantity × (Actual price − Standard price)= 22,300 kilos × ($7.40 per kilo − $8.00 per kilo)= 22,300 kilos × (−$0.60 per kilo)= $13,380 FavorableMaterials quantity variance:SQ = Actual output × Standard quantity = 9,500 units × 2.2 kilos per unit = 20,900 kilosMaterials quantity variance = (Actual quantity − Standard quantity) × Standard price= (20,800 kilos − 20,900 kilos) × $8.00 per kilo= (−100 kilos) × $8.00 per kilo= $800 FavorableLabor rate variance = Actual hour × (Actual rate − Standard rate)= 6,900 hours × ($19.80 per hour − $19.00 per hour)= 6,900 hours × ($0.80 per hour)= $5,520 UnfavorableLabor efficiency variance:Standard hours = Actual output × Standard quantity = 9,500 units × 0.80 hours per unit = 7,600 hoursLabor efficiency variance = (Actual hours − Standard hours) × Standard rate= (6,900 hours − 7,600 hours) × $19.00 per hour= (−700 hours) × $19.00 per hour= $13,300 FavorableBudget variance = Actual fixed overhead − Budgeted fixed overhead= $143,000 − $132,000= $11,000 UnfavorableVolume variance = Budgeted fixed overhead − Fixed overhead applied to work in process= $132,000 − (7,600 hours × $11.00 per hour)= $132,000 − ($83,600)= $48,400 Unfavorable2. and 3.
The explanations for transactions a through i are as follows:Cash decreases by the actual cost of the raw materials purchased, which is Actual quantity × Actual price = 22,300 kilos × $7.40 per kilo = $165,020. Raw Materials increase by the standard cost of the raw materials purchased, which is Actual quantity × Standard price = 22,300 kilos × $8.00 per kilo = $178,400. The materials price variance is $13,380 Favorable.Raw Materials decrease by the standard cost of the raw materials used in production, which is Actual quantity × Standard price = 20,800 kilos × $8.00 per kilo = $166,400. Work in Process increases by the standard cost of the standard quantity of raw materials allowed for the actual output, which is Standard quantity × Standard price = (9,500 units × 2.2 kilos per unit) × $8.00 per kilo = 20,900 kilos × $8.00 per kilo = $167,200. The difference is the Materials Quantity Variance which is $800 Favorable.Cash decreases by the actual amount paid to direct laborers, which is Actual hours × Actual rate = 6,900 hours × $19.80 per hour = $136,620. Work in Process increases by the standard cost of the standard amount of hours allowed for the actual output, which is Standard hours × Standard rate = (9,500 units × 0.80 hours per unit) × $19.00 per hour = 7,600 hours × $19.00 per hour = $144,400. The difference consists of the Labor Rate Variance which is $5,520 Unfavorable and the Labor Efficiency Variance which is $13,300 Favorable.Cash decreases by the actual amount paid for various fixed overhead costs, which is $60,000. Work in Process increases by the standard amount of hours allowed for the actual output multiplied by the predetermined overhead rate, which is (9,500 units × 0.80 hours per unit) × $11.00 per hour = 7,600 hours × $11.00 per hour = $83,600. Property, Plant, and Equipment (net) decreases by the amount of depreciation for the period, which is $83,000. The difference is the Fixed Overhead (FOH) Budget Variance which is $11,000 Unfavorable and the Fixed Overhead (FOH) Volume Variance which is $48,400 Unfavorable.Work in Process decreases by the number of units transferred to Finished Goods multiplied by the standard cost per unit = 9,500 units × $41.60 per unit = $395,200. Finished Goods increases by the same amount.Cash increases by the number of units sold multiplied by the selling price per unit, which is 10,100 units × $54.30 per unit = $548,430. Retained Earnings increases by the same amount.Finished Goods decreases by the number of units sold multiplied by their standard cost per unit, which is 10,100 units × $41.60 per unit = $420,160. Retained Earnings decreases by the same amount.Cash and Retained Earnings decrease by $43,000 to record the selling and administrative expenses.All variance accounts take their balance to zero and they are closed to Cost of Goods Sold (which resides within Retained Earnings). 4.