A common ingredient underlying the success of diverse psychotherapies is the

A) professional training and experience of the therapist.
B) escape from real-life pressures offered by psychotherapy.
C) length of time the client spends in psychotherapy.
D) client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better.

You walk up to a soda machine and put in a dollar, and are rewarded with a bottle of root beer. When you put in another dollar, you get another soda. Assuming that the machine does not run out of root beer, which kind of reinforcement schedule does this machine operate on?

A) partial reinforcement
B) interval reinforcement
C) continuous reinforcement
D) ratio reinforcement

According to Linehan, individuals who develop borderline personality disorder:

A) come from families where at least one member has a psychotic spectrum disorder.
B) come from families that are encouraging and supportive.
C) have parents who are overprotective.
D) have at least one parent with histrionic personality disorder.
E) come from families who consistently invalidate their childhood emotional experiences.

Jason is upset because he struck out during his baseball game.His mother tells his father that Jason's ego is bruised.Without being aware of it,his mother is actually referencing

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Alfred Adler.
C) Karen Horney.
D) Carl Jung.

According to the DSM-5,one of the five major symptoms of major depressive disorder is

A) problems thinking,concentrating,and making decisions.
B) frequent or unexpected panic attacks.
C) high levels of energy.
D) ability to complete routine tasks involved in daily living easily.

__________ is the acquisition of knowledge and skills by watching others rather than by means of direct experience.

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Cognitive mapping
C) Observational learning
D) Free association