What term do psychologists use for the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely to aid a person in trouble if there are other people around who are also potential helpers?

A) bystander effect
B) sole-witness effect
C) subtle aggressive effect
D) antisocial behavior effect

Imagine that judgments of extraversion made on the first day of college correlate with the number of parties that students attend over the course of their four years of college. Researchers would therefore say that these judgments have

A) interjudge agreement.
B) internal consistency.
C) critical realism.
D) predictive validity.

"Sophomoritis" is the term educators apply to people who are immature and over-confident.

Cognitive psychologists are similar to behaviorists in their

A) heavy reliance on animal experiments.
B) rejection of all discussion of thinking.
C) reliance on experiments and observations of behavior.
D) preference for self-reports instead of objective observation.

At the end of a swimming competition, Tanya won, Nita is second, and Liza is third. When the medals are being awarded, Nita looks unhappy whereas Tanya and Liza are smiling from ear to ear. Which of the following heuristics is responsible for this observation?

A) The representativeness heuristic-Nita is unhappy because second rank holders are usually not happy.
B) The availability heuristic-Nita is unhappy because first and third rank holders get more media attention.
C) The anchoring and adjustment heuristic-Nita is unhappy because she thinks she could have matched Tanya's time.
D) The simulation heuristic-Nita is unhappy because she imagines how she could have won the competition.

The approach of evolutionary psychology

A) has been in place as an approach for several hundred years.
B) is based on Bandura's theory of evolution by natural selection.
C) emphasizes adaptation and reproduction in behavior.
D) is several hundred years old and is based on Bandura's theory of evolution by natural selection.

Research in personality finds that traits are consistent over the life span.

Social scientists today assert that what most people call "race" is little more than a historical legacy of Western colonialism and

A) ethnocentrism.
B) neo-liberalism.
C) hegemony.
D) religious fundamentalism.

Which brain area processes spatial memories?

A) hypothalamus
B) hippocampus
C) medulla
D) pons