According to Vygotsky's theory,skills that a child can accomplish with assistance but cannot yet perform independently are part of:

A) preoperational thinking.
B) the child's theory of mind.
C) physical maturation.
D) the zone of proximal development.

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach,the _____ refers to the interactions among systems.

A) macrosystem
B) exosystem
C) microsystem
D) mesosystem

Which of the following is a stipulative definition?

A) Binge drinking is drinking like that guy over there at the bar.
B) Binge drinking is drinking too much.
C) Binge drinking, in this study, is consuming more than three drinks within an hour.
D) Binge drinking is drinking like a fish.
E) Binge drinking is drinking more than you can handle.

What is generally NOT considered a factor in explaining why individuals' performance in groups declines

A)  social loafing 
B)  loss of coordination between members 
C)  duplication of effort by group members 
D)  obedience and conformity

Social psychologists use the term ____ to describe the feeling of fear that people sometimes have that they will confirm a certain stereotype.

A) discontinuity effect
B) aversive racism
C) stereotype threat
D) self-defeating prophecy

When making the Venn diagram of a categorical syllogism that has one universal premise and one particular premise:

A) it is usually easier to diagram the universal premise first
B) it is usually easier to diagram the particular premise first
C) it is impossible to know which one to diagram first until the conclusion has been diagrammed
D) it is not easier to diagram either one before the other
E) there is no need to continue because such a syllogism can never be valid