Internal validity is a matter of degree; the level of internal validity that findings of a study have is influenced, in part, by the researcher's choice of method.For instance, _____________usually have high internal validity, _____________have moderate internal validity, and _____________tend to have low internal validity.

A) Observational studies; field experiments; surveys
B) Surveys; observational studies; laboratory experiments
C) Laboratory experiments; observational studies; field experiments
D) Laboratory experiments; surveys; observational studies

Lorenz demonstrated the importance of experience during critical periods by imprinting goslings to

A) adoptive mothers.
B) himself.
C) each other.
D) surrogate mothers.

A person's philosophy of life and prior experiences with crises do not strongly affect his or her adjustment to the end stage of life.

Using "Every good boy does fine" to remember the order of musical notes is an example of how_____ can help us remember information.

A) acrostics
B) acronyms
C) overlearning
D) visual imagery.

What do we call all of the pros and cons along with the supporting evidence that the author presents to the audience to establish the truth of a given statement or the wisdom of a given recommendation?

A) a fruitless endeavor
B) the rhetorical situation
C) the existential heuristic
D) the author's case

Perls's ideas about conflicting personality elements owe much to __________.

A) drive-reduction theory
B) behavior therapy
C) operant conditioning procedures
D) psychodynamic theory

Contemporary psychologists have now resolved the old nature-nurture issue in favor of nature.