A cognitive map is a

A) mental representation of one's environment.
B) sequence of thought processes leading from one idea to another.
C) set of instructions detailing the most effective means of teaching a particular concept.
D) biological predisposition to learn a particular skill.

Jacob is in middle school. He tells his friends that he is worried that he would fail in his biology test because the biology project reviewer deliberately asked him tough questions that he could not answer. This scenario illustrates the _____.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) external attribution style
C) Pygmalion effect
D) boomerang effect

Our body's temperature cools,our blood vessels constrict (to conserve warmth) ,and we feel driven to put on more clothes or seek a warmer environment.Our cooling body is an example of a(n)

A) incentive.
B) instinct.
C) physiological need.
D) arousal.

Depressed and nondepressed participants in one study were given a list of words to recall. The researchers found

A) the nondepressed participants recalled more words.
B) the depressed participants recalled more words.
C) the depressed participants recalled more depression-related words, but the nondepressed participants recalled more of the other words.
D) differences between the two groups of participants only when the depressed participants knew what the researchers were looking for.

Hans and Sybil Eysenck described personality differences by identifying

A) genetic markers.
B) personality inventories.
C) self-efficacy.
D) basic personality dimensions.

Research on gender differences in sex-related attitudes and behaviors indicates that ____ show relatively more attitude-behavior consistency and that this is largely owing to the fact that ____.

A) men; men tend to be the initiators of sexual activity
B) men; men's sexual responses are less context-dependent than women's
C) women; women tend to be the initiators of sexual activity
D) women; women's sexual responses are less context-dependent than men's

Because Saleem was spanked on several occasions for biting electric cords,he no longer does so.Saleem's behavior change best illustrates the value of

A) negative reinforcement.
B) classical conditioning.
C) conditioned reinforcers.
D) operant conditioning.

Dr.Klassen is conducting a study on attitudes about drug use.She wants to administer a survey.Which group of issues should she pay most attention to when she is designing her study

A)  random sampling, use of a control group, inferential statistics 
B)  representative sampling, self-report bias, response set 
C)  representative sampling, experimenter bias, ethics regarding deception 
D)  random assignment, experimenter bias, placebo effects