The World-Will-End-on-June-7 group got together on June 7 to pray as the world ended. The next day the world did not end. The leader of the group said, "Our prayers saved the world." What process was responsible for the attitude change?

A) operant conditioning
B) cognitive dissonance
C) classical conditioning
D) positive reinforcement

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit

A) overconfidence.
B) the framing effect.
C) convergent thinking.
D) intrinsic motivation.

Modeling has been shown to

A) reduce anxiety about surgery.
B) reduce anxiety about tests.
C) work even when subjects only imagine a model.
D) all of these

Personality disorders are sometimes classified as "weird," "wild," and "worried." Which specific disorder falls under the "wild" cluster?

A) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
B) avoidant personality disorder
C) paranoid personality disorder
D) narcissistic personality disorder

Self-help groups differ from most other forms of therapy in that they do NOT

A) maintain members' anonymity.
B) deal with problems people are having.
C) involve a therapist.
D) involve communication between people.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding a connectionist training "epoch"?

A) It begins by generating a random output.
B) Connection weights are initially set at random levels.
C) Generated output patterns are compared with target patterns.
D) Back propagation occurs over many trials.