Which of the following uses an electrical field to separate DNA fragments based on their length?

A) DNA cloning
B) polymerase chain reaction
C) transgenics
D) gel electrophoresis
E) DNA digestion

Tendons and ligaments are made of ____.

A) loose connective tissue
B) dense regular connective tissue
C) dense irregular connective tissue
D) cartilage
E) collagen

Glaucoma can result from

A) inhibition of the circulation of aqueous humor.
B) damage to the suspensory ligament.
C) a decrease in the number of cones.
D) opacity of the lens.
E) increased amounts of vitreous humor.

Starling's law of the heart states that the heart pumps:

A) more forcefully when more blood is delivered to it.
B) more rapidly when less blood is delivered to it.
C) less forcefully when oxygen-rich blood is delivered to it.
D) slower when more blood is delivered to it.
E) slower when norepinephrine is secreted.

Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aortic arch?

A) Brachiocephalic artery
B) Coronary artery
C) Pulmonary artery
D) Right subclavian artery
E) Right common carotid artery

Which of the following appears to have evolved independently in different animal taxa, and therefore its presence is not considered a useful characteristic for determining phylogeny?

A) Ectoderm
B) Pseudocoelom
C) Endoderm
D) Exoderm
E) Mesoderm