The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of

A) neural connections.
B) natural selection.
C) behavior genetics.
D) pruning.

Which of the following are stress hormones?

A) ghrelin and orexin
B) leptin and insulin
C) serotonin and dopamine
D) epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of the following is NOT one of the key themes in the psychological literature which represents constructive coping

A)  confronting problems directly 
B)  self-deception as a means of coping through reframing the problem 
C)  realistic appraisals 
D)  learning to recognize potentially disruptive emotional reactions to stress

The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus alone so often that the learner no longer associates it with the unconditioned stimulus and stops making the conditioned response is called _______.

A) extinction
B) generalization
C) spontaneous recovery
D) shaping

An emotion is an inner-directing force such as a need or a want that arouses the organism and directs behavior toward a goal.

According to Piaget, children's cognitive processes:

A) develop only after the second year.
B) develop in an orderly sequence of stages.
C) develop only after the first year.
D) begin from the preoperational stage.

Which of the following is NOT true of depersonalization disorder?

A) People with this disorder often describe themselves as feeling like a robot that is able to respond to those nearby but without feeling connected to their actions.
B) It is characterized by a feeling of detachment from oneself or one's surroundings.
C) It typically is not associated with depression or anxiety; indeed, patients often display an indifference to their symptoms (la belle indifference) .
D) It is highly related to a history of trauma, particularly emotional abuse.
E) A diagnosis of this disorder is usually made in adolescence and tends to be chronic in course.

Most retirees report that their well-being has increased a year after they have retired.

Which piece of evidence is LEAST relevant to Anne Campbell's theory concerning the function of oxytocin?

A) Oxytocin increases during childbirth.
B) Oxytocin is related to fight-or-flight behaviors.
C) Oxytocin is related to sexual activity and orgasm.
D) Oxytocin is related to breast feeding.