Experts on U.S. labor law point to __________________________ as the primary reason that the NLRA has created a culture of conflict within U.S. labor relations.

A) Exclusive representation and majority support
B) The exclusion of labor-management teams
C) Representation election voting procedures
D) Card check authorization

Exclusive representation and majority support provisions of the NLRA are often viewed as the primary cause of conflict in labor relations because they create winners and losers in union organizing and collective bargaining. These rules require that a union seeking to represent workers in a bargaining unit must win a majority of votes cast in a representation election, excluding any workers who do not vote or who abstain from the election. Once certified, the union has the exclusive right to represent all workers in the unit, including those who voted against union representation or did not participate in the election. This can create tension and conflict between workers who have different opinions about union representation and between employers and unions who have opposing interests in bargaining over wages, benefits, and working conditions.