Private-sector strikes and lockouts typically end because:

A) the federal government intervenes with a "back-to-work" order.
B) the parties eventually tire of bickering.
C) they are costly in terms of lost profits and lost wage income.
D) the parties rely heavily on outside arbitration.

Private-sector strikes and lockouts are costly in terms of lost profits and lost wage income, which eventually motivates the parties to reach an agreement and end the strike or lockout. The federal government may intervene with "back-to-work" orders in some cases, but this is not the typical way in which private-sector strikes and lockouts end. The parties may rely on outside arbitration as a means of resolving their dispute, but this too is not the most common way in which private-sector strikes and lockouts end. While the parties may tire of bickering, this is not typically the main reason why private-sector strikes and lockouts end.