Why is it difficult to change the bureaucracy?

A) Most presidents do not aspire to making major changes.
B) A lengthy appeals process makes it hard to fire civil servants.
C) It is not clear to whom bureaucrats report.
D) The bureaucracy makes its own rules, leading to self-protection.
E) Each president replaces the entire bureaucratic staff, leading to a lack of experience.

Bureaucracy

A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives, often characterized by specialized functions, hierarchy, and rules.

Appeals Process

The procedure for seeking a higher court's review of a lower court's decision in hopes of reversing or modifying the judgment.

Civil Servants

Employees who work for government departments or agencies, typically not in a political position.