All the inputs in the Black-Scholes option pricing model are directly observable except

A) the price of the underlying security.
B) the risk-free rate of interest.
C) the time to expiration.
D) the variance of returns of the underlying asset return.

Which of the following is true of non-voting common stock?

A) It is not legal in Canada to issue common stock without voting rights.
B) A "coattail" provision requires that 2/3 of all common stock carry voting rights.
C) Non-voting common stockholders must be paid a dividend each year.
D) Non-voting shares must receive dividends no lower than dividends on voting shares.
E) Non-voting shares commonly sell at a premium over voting shares.

New products or services entering the marketplace are called:

A) breakthroughs.
B) diffusion styles.
C) innovations.
D) adoption potentialities.

Part of the communication ability is based on listening levels, which include listening for feelings and emotions as well as for objective content.

The labor demand curve of a purely competitive seller:

A) slopes downward because the firm must lower price to sell more output.
B) slopes downward because labor productivity increases as successive workers are hired.
C) is perfectly elastic because the firm is hiring an insignificant portion of the total labor supply.
D) slopes downward because the marginal product of successive workers declines.

Suppose that a firm can produce its output at either of two plants. If profits are maximized, which of the following statements is true?

A) The marginal cost at the first plant must equal marginal revenue.
B) The marginal cost at the second plant must equal marginal revenue.
C) The marginal cost at the two plants must be equal.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above