Private-label brands are developed and managed by

A) manufacturers.
B) wholesalers.
C) supply chain specialists.
D) manufacturer's representatives.
E) retailers.

Retailers

Businesses that sell goods or merchandise directly to consumers through various channels, including brick-and-mortar stores and online platforms.

Private-label Brands

Brands that are owned and sold by a retailer or distributor, not the manufacturer, often positioned as cost-effective alternatives to national brands.